Server Configuration

httpd.conf

httpd.conf is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the configuration of Directives that give the server its instructions. The first thing httpd does when it’s invoked is to locate and read this file. The recommended method of invoking httpd is to use apachectl contrl script.
Example: Prefix/apachectl -f prefix/httpd.conf

The minimum Directives configuration that are needed to run Apache are summarized below.

For detailed information, see http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/

Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many of the server’s control files begin with “/” (or “drive:/” for Win32), the server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do not begin with “/”, the value of ServerRoot is prepended — so “logs/foo.log” with ServerRoot set to “/etc/httpd” will be interpreted by the server as “/etc/httpd/logs/foo.log”.

### Section 1: Global Environment ###

# The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, such as the number
# of concurrent requests it can handle or where it can find its configuration files.

# Don’t give away too much information about all the subcomponents we are running.
# Comment out this line if you don’t mind remote sites finding out what major optional modules
# you are running.
ServerTokens OS

# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server’s
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path (Default: “/etc/httpd”).
ServerRoot “/etc/httpd”

# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process identification number when it starts.
# Note the PIDFILE variable in /etc/sysconfig/httpd must be set appropriately if this location is changed.
PidFile run/httpd.pid

# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out (Default: 60).
Timeout 60

# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than one request per connection).
# Set to “Off” to deactivate (Default: Off).
KeepAlive Off

# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow during a persistent
# connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. Recommended to leave this number
# high, for maximum performance (Default: 100).
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
KeepAliveTimeout 15

## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ##

# prefork MPM #
# StartServers: number of server processes to start
# MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare
# MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare
# ServerLimit: maximum value for MaxClients for the lifetime of the server
# MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start
# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves
<IfModule prefork.c>
StartServers 8
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 20
ServerLimit 256
MaxClients 256
MaxRequestsPerChild 4000
</IfModule>

# worker MPM #
# StartServers: initial number of server processes to start
# MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections
# MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare
# MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare
# ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process
# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves
<IfModule worker.c>
StartServers 4
MaxClients 300
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadsPerChild 25
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>

# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or ports, in addition
# to the default. See also the directive. Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as
# shown below to prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses (0.0.0.0)
Listen 192.168.1.101:8080
Listen 80

# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support. To be able to use the functionality of a module
# which was built as a DSO you have to place corresponding `LoadModule’ lines at this
# location so the directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l’) do not need to be loaded here.
# These are the Default Loaded DSOs:
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so
LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so
LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so
LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so
LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so
LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so
LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so
LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so
LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so
LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
LoadModule suexec_module modules/mod_suexec.so
LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so

# Load config files from the config directory “/etc/httpd/conf.d”.
Include conf.d/*.conf

# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run httpd as root initially
# and it will switch. User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# . On SCO (ODT 3) use “User nouser” and “Group nogroup”.
# . On HPUX you may not be able to use shared memory as nobody, and the
# suggested workaround is to create a user www and use that user.
# NOTE that some kernels refuse to setgid(Group) or semctl(IPC_SET) when the
# value of (unsigned)Group is above 60000; don’t use Group #-1 on these systems!
User apache
Group apache

### Section 2: ‘Main’ server configuration ###

# The directives in this section set up the values used by the ‘main’ server, which responds
# to any requests that aren’t handled by a <Virtual Host> definition. These values also provide defaults
# for any <Virtual Host> containers you may define later in the file. All of these directives may appear
# inside containers, in which case these default settings will be overridden for the virtual
# host being defined.

# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be e-mailed. This
# address appears on some server-generated pages, such as error documents.
# e.g. admin@your-domain.com
ServerAdmin root@localhost

# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. This can
# often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify it explicitly to prevent
# problems during startup. If this is not set to valid DNS name for your host,
# server-generated redirections will not work. See also the UseCanonicalName directive.
# If your host doesn’t have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. You will have
# to access it by its address anyway, and this will make redirections work in a sensible way.
ServerName www.confignotes.com

# UseCanonicalName: Determines how Apache constructs self-referencing
# URLs and the SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT variables. When set “Off”, Apache will use
# the Hostname and Port supplied by the client. When set “On”, Apache will use the value of
# the ServerName directive.
UseCanonicalName Off

# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your documents. By default, all requests are
# taken from this directory, but symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
DocumentRoot “/var/www/html”

# Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect to which
# services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that directory (and its subdirectories).
# First, we configure the “default” to be a very restrictive set of features.
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>

# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow particular features to be
# enabled – so if something’s not working as you might expect, make sure that you have
# specifically enabled it below.

# This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.
<Directory “/var/www/html”>

# Possible values for the Options directive are “None”, “All”, or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
# Note that “MultiViews” must be named *explicitly* — “Options All” doesn’t give it to you.
# The Options directive is both complicated and important.
# Please see http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html options for more information.
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be “All”, “None”, or any combination of the keywords:
# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
AllowOverride None

# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

# UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a user’s home
# directory if a ~user request is received.
# The path to the end user account ‘public_html’ directory must be
# accessible to the webserver userid. This usually means that ~userid
# must have permissions of 711, ~userid/public_html must have permissions
# of 755, and documents contained therein must be world-readable.
# Otherwise, the client will only receive a “403 Forbidden” message.
# See also: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/misc/FAQ.html#forbidden
<IfModule mod_userdir.c>
# UserDir is disabled by default since it can confirm the presence
# of a username on the system (depending on home directory
# permissions).
UserDir disabled
# To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user’s public_html
# directory, remove the “UserDir disabled” line above, and uncomment
# the following line instead:
#UserDir public_html
</IfModule>

# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory is requested.
# The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content-negotiated documents.
# The MultiViews Option can be used for the same purpose, but it is much slower.
DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var

# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride directive.
AccessFileName .htaccess

# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being viewed by Web clients.

<Files ~ “^\.ht”>
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
Satisfy All
</Files>

# TypesConfig describes where the mime.types file (or equivalent) is to be found.
TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

# DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document if it cannot otherwise determine
# one, such as from filename extensions. If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents,
# “text/plain” is a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications or images, you may
# want to use “application/octet-stream” instead to keep browsers from trying to display binary files as
# though they are text.
DefaultType text/plain

# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile
# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c>
#   MIMEMagicFile /usr/share/magic.mime
MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>

# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses
# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).
# The default is off because it’d be overall better for the net if people
# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that
# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the nameserver.
HostnameLookups Off

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a container, error messages relating to that virtual host
# will be logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a container, that host’s errors will be logged
# there and not here.
ErrorLog logs/error_log

# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, alert, emerg.
LogLevel warn

# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with a CustomLog directive (see below).
LogFormat “%h %l %u %t \”%r\” %>s %b \”%{Referer}i\” \”%{User-Agent}i\”" combined
LogFormat “%h %l %u %t \”%r\” %>s %b” common
LogFormat “%{Referer}i -> %U” referer
LogFormat “%{User-agent}i” agent

# For a single logfile with access, agent, and referer information
# (Combined Logfile Format), use the following directive:
CustomLog logs/access_log combined

# Optionally add a line containing the server version and virtual host
# name to server-generated pages (internal error documents, FTP directory
# listings, mod_status and mod_info output etc., but not CGI generated
# documents or custom error documents).
# Set to “EMail” to also include a mailto: link to the ServerAdmin.
# Set to one of: On | Off | EMail
ServerSignature On

# Aliases: Add here as many aliases as you need (with no limit). The format is
# Alias fakename realname
# Note that if you include a trailing / on fakename then the server will
# require it to be present in the URL. So “/icons” isn’t aliased in this
# example, only “/icons/”. If the fakename is slash-terminated, then the
# realname must also be slash terminated, and if the fakename omits the
# trailing slash, the realname must also omit it.
# We include the /icons/ alias for FancyIndexed directory listings. If you
# do not use FancyIndexing, you may comment this out.
Alias /icons/ “/var/www/icons/”
<Directory “/var/www/icons”>
Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

# WebDAV module configuration section.
<IfModule mod_dav_fs.c>
# Location of the WebDAV lock database.
DAVLockDB /var/lib/dav/lockdb
</IfModule>

# ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
# documents in the realname directory are treated as applications and
# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the client.
# The same rules about trailing “/” apply to ScriptAlias directives as to Alias.
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ “/var/www/cgi-bin/”

# “/var/www/cgi-bin” should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
<Directory “/var/www/cgi-bin”>
AllowOverride None
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

# IndexOptions: Controls the appearance of server-generated directory listings.
IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8

# AddIcon* directives tell the server which icon to show for different files or filename extensions.
# These are only displayed for FancyIndexed directories.
AddIconByEncoding (CMP,/icons/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip
AddIconByType (TXT,/icons/text.gif) text/*
AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image2.gif) image/*
AddIconByType (SND,/icons/sound2.gif) audio/*
AddIconByType (VID,/icons/movie.gif) video/*
AddIcon /icons/binary.gif .bin .exe
AddIcon /icons/binhex.gif .hqx
AddIcon /icons/tar.gif .tar
AddIcon /icons/world2.gif .wrl .wrl.gz .vrml .vrm .iv
AddIcon /icons/compressed.gif .Z .z .tgz .gz .zip
AddIcon /icons/a.gif .ps .ai .eps
AddIcon /icons/layout.gif .html .shtml .htm .pdf
AddIcon /icons/text.gif .txt
AddIcon /icons/c.gif .c
AddIcon /icons/p.gif .pl .py
AddIcon /icons/f.gif .for
AddIcon /icons/dvi.gif .dvi
AddIcon /icons/uuencoded.gif .uu
AddIcon /icons/script.gif .conf .sh .shar .csh .ksh .tcl
AddIcon /icons/tex.gif .tex
AddIcon /icons/bomb.gif core
AddIcon /icons/back.gif ..
AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README
AddIcon /icons/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^
AddIcon /icons/blank.gif ^^BLANKICON^^

# DefaultIcon is which icon to show for files which do not have an icon explicitly set.
DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.gif

# ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by
# default, and append to directory listings.
# HeaderName is the name of a file which should be prepended to directory indexes.
ReadmeName README.html
HeaderName HEADER.html

# IndexIgnore is a set of filenames which directory indexing should ignore
# and not include in the listing. Shell-style wildcarding is permitted.
IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t

# DefaultLanguage and AddLanguage allows you to specify the language of
# a document. You can then use content negotiation to give a browser a
# file in a language the user can understand.
# Specify a default language. This means that all data
# going out without a specific language tag (see below) will
# be marked with this one. You probably do NOT want to set
# this unless you are sure it is correct for all cases.
# * It is generally better to not mark a page as
# * being a certain language than marking it with the wrong
# * language!
# DefaultLanguage nl
# English (en) – French (fr) – German (de)
AddLanguage en .en
AddLanguage de .de
AddLanguage fr .fr
#
# LanguagePriority allows you to give precedence to some languages
# in case of a tie during content negotiation.
# Just list the languages in decreasing order of preference.
LanguagePriority en de fr

# ForceLanguagePriority allows you to serve a result page rather than
# MULTIPLE CHOICES (Prefer) [in case of a tie] or NOT ACCEPTABLE (Fallback)
# [in case no accepted languages matched the available variants]
ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback

# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default. To use the
# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags
# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this directive:
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

# MIME-types for downloading Certificates and CRLs
AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl

# For type maps (negotiated resources):
# (This is enabled by default to allow the Apache “It Worked” page to be distributed in multiple languages.)
AddHandler type-map var

# Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
# To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
# (You will also need to add “Includes” to the “Options” directive.)
AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 “The server made a boo boo.”
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 “/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl”
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html

<IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
<IfModule mod_include.c>
<Directory “/var/www/error”>
AllowOverride None
Options IncludesNoExec
AddOutputFilter Includes html
AddHandler type-map var
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
LanguagePriority en es de fr
ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback
</Directory>
</IfModule>
</IfModule>

# The following directives modify normal HTTP response behavior to
# handle known problems with browser implementations.
BrowserMatch “Mozilla/2″ nokeepalive
BrowserMatch “MSIE 4\.0b2;” nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
BrowserMatch “RealPlayer 4\.0″ force-response-1.0
BrowserMatch “Java/1\.0″ force-response-1.0
BrowserMatch “JDK/1\.0″ force-response-1.0

# The following directive disables redirects on non-GET requests for
# a directory that does not include the trailing slash. This fixes a
# problem with Microsoft WebFolders which does not appropriately handle
# redirects for folders with DAV methods.
# Same deal with Apple’s DAV filesystem and Gnome VFS support for DAV.
BrowserMatch “Microsoft Data Access Internet Publishing Provider” redirect-carefully
BrowserMatch “MS FrontPage” redirect-carefully
BrowserMatch “^WebDrive” redirect-carefully
BrowserMatch “^WebDAVFS/1.[0123]” redirect-carefully
BrowserMatch “^gnome-vfs/1.0″ redirect-carefully
BrowserMatch “^XML Spy” redirect-carefully
BrowserMatch “^Dreamweaver-WebDAV-SCM1″ redirect-carefully

Apache HTTP Server Configuration

This procedure covers installation and configuration of Apache web server on Linux environment. Latest release of Apache httpd package can be download from Apache HTTP Server Project (http://httpd.apache.org/). As of February 2011, the latest stable release of httpd is 2.2.17.

1. Download  httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz

2. Extract file in /etc
gzip -d httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz
tar -xvf httpd-2.2.17.tar

3. Configure (requires GCC)
./configure –prefix=PREFIX

4 .Compile
make

5. Install
make install

6. Customize.
The default location of httpd.conf is /etc/httpd/conf/ on RHEL6, if httpd was included (Web Server) during RHEL6 instalation.
vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
6a. Under “Listen” Directive, edit the ip address.
Syntax: Listen [ip address] [port number] [protocol-optional]
Listen 192.168.1.101:8080 https
(More info about Port Number)
6b. Under “ServerName” Directive, enter the domain name or ip.
Syntax: ServerName [scheme://] fully-qualified-domain-name[:port]
ServerName //192.168.1.101:8080
or
ServerName http://www.confignotes.com:8080
6c. “DocumentRoot” Directive
The default is /var/www/html
Syntax: DocumentRoot /directory

7. Starting Apache in RHEL6
/usr/sbin/apachectl -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

8. Starting Apache at Boot-time
Edit rc.local and add a call to apachectl
vi /etc/rc.local
/usr/sbin/apachectl -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Windows Shutdown Event Tracker

How to Disable the Windows Shutdown Event Tracker

When shutting down or rebooting Windows Server 2008, the Shut Down Event Tracker appear by default.

Windows Shutdown Event Tracker can be Disabled in the “Local Group Policy Editor“.
Use gpedit.msc to open the Local Group Policy Editor.
Under Computer Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> System
Select “Display Shutdown Event Tracker” and Disable it.